Derivative non-linear Schrodinger equation: Difference between revisions

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In <math>d=2\,</math> one has GWP for small data when the nonlinearities are of the form <math>\underline{uDu} + u Du\,</math> [[De2002]].
In <math>d=2\,</math> one has GWP for small data when the nonlinearities are of the form <math>\underline{uDu} + u Du\,</math> [[De2002]].
Furthermore, for the work about sharp condition of global existence for derivative non-linear Schrodinger, see [[ShjZhj]].


[[Category:Equations]]
[[Category:Equations]]

Latest revision as of 10:50, 24 August 2006

By derivative non-linear Schrodinger (D-NLS) equations, we refer to equations of the form

where is an analytic function of , its spatial derivatives , and their complex conjugates which vanishes to at least second order at the origin. One particularly important class of such equations is the Schrodinger maps equation.

We often assume the natural gauge invariance condition

.

The main new difficulty here is the loss of regularity of one derivative in the non-linearity, which causes standard techniques such as the energy method to fail (since the energy estimate does not recover any regularity in the case of the Schrodinger equation). However, there are other estimates which can recover a full derivative for the inhomogeneous Schrodinger equation providing there is sufficient decay in space, and so one can still obtain well-posedness results for sufficiently smooth and regular data. In the analytic category some existence results can be found in SnTl1985, Ha1990.

An alternative strategy is to apply a suitable transformation in order to place the non-linearity in a good form. For instance, a term such as is preferable to (the Fourier transform is less likely to stay near the upper paraboloid, and these terms are more likely to disappear in energy estimates). One can often "gauge transform" the equation (in a manner dependent on the solution ) so that all bad terms are eliminated. In one dimension this can be done by fairly elementary methods (e.g. the method of integrating factors), but in higher dimensions one must use some pseudo-differential calculus.

In order to quantify the decay properties needed, we define denote the space of all functions for which is in ; thus measures regularity and measures decay. It is a well-known fact that the Schrodinger equation trades decay for regularity; for instance, data in instantly evolves to a solution locally in for the free Schrodinger equation and

  • If is an integer then one has LWP in Ci1999; see also Ci1996, Ci1995, Ci1994.
    • If is cubic or better then one can improve this to LWP in Ci1999. Furthermore, if one also has gauge invariance then data in evolves to a solution in for all non-zero times and all positive integers Ci1999.
    • If Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d=1\,} and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f\,} is cubic or better then one has LWP in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H^3\,} HaOz1994b.
      • For special types of cubic non-linearity one can in fact get GWP for small data in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H^{0,4} \cap H^{4,0}\,} Oz1996.
    • LWP in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H^s \cap H^{0,m}\,} for small data for sufficiently large Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle s\,} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle m\,} was shown in KnPoVe1993c. The solution was also shown to have Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle s+1/2\,} derivatives in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle L^2_{t,x,loc}} .
      • If Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f\,} is cubic or better one can take Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle m=0\,} KnPoVe1993c.
      • If Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f\,} is quartic or better then one has GWP for small data in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H^s.\,} KnPoVe1995
      • For large data one still has LWP for sufficiently large Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle s, m\,} Ci1995, Ci1994.


If the non-linearity consists mostly of the conjugate wave then one can do much better. For instance [Gr-p], when Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f = (D\underline{u})^k\,} one can obtain LWP when Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle s > s_c = d/2 + 1 - 1/(k-1), s \ge 1\,} , and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle k \ge 2\,} is an integer; similarly when Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f = D(\underline{u}^k)\,} one has LWP when Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle s > s_c = d/2 - 1/(k-1), s \ge 0,\,} and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle k \ge 2\,} is an integer. In particular one has GWP in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle L^2\,} when and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f = i(\underline{u}^2)_x\,} and GWP in Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle H^1\,} when Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d=1\,} and . These results apply in both the periodic and non-periodic setting.

Non-linearities such as in one dimension have been studied in HaNm2001b, with some asymptotic behaviour obtained.

In one has GWP for small data when the nonlinearities are of the form De2002.

Furthermore, for the work about sharp condition of global existence for derivative non-linear Schrodinger, see ShjZhj.